The costs and environmental impacts of cultivated meat
A life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic assessment (TEA) show that by 2030, cultivated meat could have lower overall environmental impacts, a smaller carbon footprint, and be cost-competitive with some forms of conventional meat.
Explore the reports
Explore CE Delft’s full reports and GFI’s summaries
Key findings and future directions
Earlier this year, independent consultancy CE Delft published a life cycle assessment and a techno-economic analysis of a large-scale cultivated meat production facility model. These studies show that by the year 2030, cultivated meat could have a lower carbon footprint and reduced overall environmental impacts compared to conventional meat production, while being cost-competitive with some conventional meat. As the industry scales and cultivated meat production becomes more efficient beyond 2030, further cost decreases and environmental impact reductions are expected.
Data from industry partners
Unlike previous assessments that relied on academic projections, these new studies were informed by data collected from more than 15 industry partners, including five cultivated meat companies and Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). Even though these studies paint the most complete picture of the costs and environmental impacts of large-scale cultivated meat production to date, data gaps still exist. Assumptions may change as the nascent cultivated meat industry matures.
The insights from the reports can prioritize efforts to address the most pressing technical and economic bottlenecks, thus accelerating the development and scalable deployment of cultivated meat.
WEBINAR
The costs and environmental impacts of cultivated meat
Join GFI Senior Scientist Elliot Swartz, Ph.D., for a review of key insights from a recent life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) modeling a future large-scale cultivated meat production facility.
GFI’s summaries and commentary on the LCA/TEA reports
Our experts provide summaries of the LCA/TEA data in the resources below.
Technical summary
This summary highlights the key technical insights from the LCA and TEA, calling attention to areas where costs or environmental impacts can be further decreased and where knowledge gaps still exist. This report also discusses areas of focus for technology development that are likely to reduce future costs and environmental impacts.
Stakeholder summary
Successful and efficient development and deployment of cultivated meat will require contributions across a wide variety of stakeholder groups — scientists, entrepreneurs, investors, governments, and nonprofits. This report recommends actions that can help realize the many potential benefits of large-scale cultivated meat production.
Policy summary
This fact sheet — intended specifically for policymakers — summarizes the key findings from the LCA and TEA and outlines recommended actions to facilitate cultivated meat’s development, promote clear labeling, and ensure consumer safety.
Statement addressing TEA analyses
Techno-economic models are fundamental tools for exploring and prioritizing areas that warrant further research.
GFI summary of the CE Delft TEA Corrigendum
GFI’s overview of CE Delft’s TEA Corrigendum, which corrects an error in the initial report and re-analyzes cost projections.
Delve into the science of the full reports
These LCA and TEA studies, conducted by CE Delft, are the first to use primary data from multiple cultivated meat companies. The assessments also incorporated data from companies throughout the cultivated meat supply chain. All data were cross-checked by independent experts. Analyzing the results of both studies shows areas of overlap in factors that reduce both costs and environmental footprint: energy efficiency, energy source, efficient use and production of cell culture medium, and collaborations across the supply chain.
The LCA and TEA were conducted by the Dutch firm CE Delft. GFI and the European organization GAIA commissioned the LCA, and GFI commissioned the TEA.
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Explore the global landscape of researchers working to advance the science of plant-based meat, cultivated meat, and fermentation.
Join the Alternative Protein Researcher Directory
Apply to join GFI’s global directory of researchers working to advance the science of plant-based meat, cultivated meat, and fermentation.
New research supports the term “cultivated meat”
New research conducted in December 2022 validates the use of “cultivated meat” over “cell-cultured meat” and other terms. Learn more in our fact sheet.
